Globally, 3–5 million people suffer severe respiratory illness every year because of infection from the influenza virus. And each year, between 290 000 to 650 000 die from the disease.
The seasons of autumn and winter are the times of year when we can expect to see an increase in the circulation of influenza and other respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in all countries of the WHO European Region.
Knowing that there will be increased respiratory virus activity over the winter months gives us the opportunity to prepare by ensuring that the most vulnerable populations are protected and that we all take steps to prevent infection and the onward spread of respiratory viruses whenever possible.
Vaccination is key
For those at highest risk of severe influenza, such as older people, pregnant women, children under 5 years of age, people with a body mass index of 40 or higher, those with chronic health conditions and anyone with a weakened immune system, vaccination against influenza is the best way to protect against severe illness, hospitalization and death as a result of this common respiratory disease. Annual vaccination is also recommended for health workers, both to protect them and to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to vulnerable patients.
As the influenza virus evolves over time, it can partially evade immunity generated by previous infection or vaccination. This ongoing evolution is why it is vital that those at most risk continue to get their annual influenza vaccinations. Every year, the composition of the vaccine is updated to take into account the latest strains of influenza virus in circulation, which is why annual vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent potential severe disease outcomes. Moreover, even if viruses circulating this season are the same as last year, protection from last year’s vaccination will have waned.
Make responsible choices
As part of its “No one knows your risk like you do” campaign for the influenza season, WHO/Europe encourages those at higher risk to get vaccinated and for everyone to integrate simple protective habits into their everyday lives:
- If you feel unwell, stay at home.
- If you have flu-like symptoms, wear a mask.
- When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose.
- Clean your hands regularly.
- Open windows and doors regularly to let fresh air in.
Timing and severity of this year’s season
The precise timing, magnitude and virus distribution of the influenza season is unpredictable as it depends on a variety of host, virological and environmental factors. However, there are some features of influenza seasons that are more consistent. For example, in the Region, the influenza season usually starts between mid-November and mid-December, with a peak in January or February, although occasionally it may be a little earlier or later in the winter.
Preparing now, by getting vaccinated and protecting yourself and your community, could make a big difference in reducing the impact and severity of this year’s influenza season when it comes